Analysis of serum immunoglobulin level in children with Burkitt lymphoma / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To summarize changes of serum immunoglobulin levels before and after chemotherapy in children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), so as to investigate the effects of chemotherapy and rituximab on serum immunoglobulin levels in children with BL. Methods: Clinical data of 223 children with newly diagnosed Burkitt lymphoma at Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2009 to April 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. They were treated according to the modified LMB 89 regimen and some of them received combined rituximab therapy during the chemotherapy. The serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, IgG) before chemotherapy, at the time of discontinuing chemotherapy, as well as 6, 12, 24, 36 months after chemotherapy were collected. Changes of serum IgA, IgM and IgG with time among different treatment groups were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: According to risk group, 223 children were devided into group B（n=53）and group C（n=170）. Before chemotherapy, 109 cases (48.9%) were combined with hypogammaglobulinemia. The serum IgA, IgM, and IgG levels of all the patients were (0.9±0.7), 1.2 (0.5, 1.3) and (7.2±2.9) g/L before chemotherapy, (0.5±0.4), 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) and (6.3±2.3) g/L at the time of discontinuing chemotherapy (t=13.63, Z=-11.99, t=4.57, all P<0.05). There were statistical difference in IgA, IgM levels of group B and IgA, IgM, IgG levels of group C before chemotherapy and at the time of discontinuing chemotherapy (t=8.86, Z=-6.28, t=11.19, Z=-10.15, t=4.50, all P<0.05). The differences of serum IgA and IgG levels at the time after chemotherapy among patients treated with chemotherapy alone and those treated with chemotherapy combined rituximab in group B and C were significant (F=5.38, P=0.002 and F=4.22, P=0.007). Conclusions: Approximately half of children with BL have already existed hypogammaglobulinemia at initial diagnosis prior to the start of treatment. The modified LMB 89 regimen have significant effect on humoral immunity of children with BL. In the process of immune reconstruction after chemotherapy, rituximab has more significant effect on serum IgA and IgG levels in BL patients.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological studies on root bark of Lycium barbarum / 中国中药杂志

Lycii Cortex, the dry root bark of Lycium barbarum(Solanaceae), is rich in chemical compositions with unique structures, such as organic acids, lipids, alkaloids, cyclopeptides and other components, and plays an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. It has the effect of cooling blood and removing steam, clearing lung and reducing fire. It is mainly used in the treatment of hot flashes due to Yin deficiency, hectic fever with night sweat, cough, hemoptysis and internal heat and diabetes. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the crude extract or monomer of Lycii Cortex has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as hypoglycemic, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. In this paper, the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Cortex Lycii were reviewed in order to further clarify its effective substances, promote the development of medical undertakings, and ensure the "Healthy China" plan.

A new 9,19-cycloartane glycoside from Asplenium ruprechtii / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents of water extracts of Asplenium ruprechtii were investigated. Five compounds were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatographies and preparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by various spectral analyses as aspleniumside G(1), trans-p-coumaric acid(2), trans-p-coumaric acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside(3), cis-p-coumaric acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside(4), and(E)-ferulic acid-4-O-β-D-glucoside(5). Among them, compound 1 is a new 9,19-cycloartane glycoside.

Bioinformatic analysis of the structure and function of human TACSTD2 / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThe role of human tumor-related calcium signal transductor 2 (TACSTD2) in promoting tumorigenesis has been noticed recently. We predicted the molecular structure and biological function of TACSTD2 by bioinformatic methods, in order to provide reference for further study of TACSTD2.MethodsThe homo sapiens TACSTD2 mRNA and protein amino acid sequences were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The bioinformatic methods were used to analyze the open reading frame(ORF) of TACSTD2, physicochemical properties, signal peptide and protein localization, subcellular localization, and prediction of transmembrane structure and secondary structure, tertiary structure, potential protein modification sites, domains, protein modification sites proteins, protein interacting with TACSTD2, biological functions of TACSTD2, and expression of TACSTD2 in human normal tissues and certain tumor types.ResultsAccording to the mRNA sequence of TACSTD2, there are 12 ORFs, and the longest is ORF1, with a total of 972bp, encoding 323 amino acids. The hydrophilic amino acid of TACSTD2 is more than that of hydrophobic amino acid, indicating that TACSTD2 belongs to hydrophilic protein. TACSTD2 is a highly conserved alkaline secreted protein with a transmembrane region both inside and outside the cytoplasm. The presence of nuclear localization signal(NLS) in the amino acid sequence of TACSTD2 suggests that TACSTD2 can locate in cell nucleus. TACSTD2 mainly distribute in cytoplasmic membrane, extracellular, nucleus and cytoplasm. The secondary structure prediction results showed that the main structure of TACSTD2 was random coil, followed by a α helix. TACSTD2 has 15 serine modification sites, 17 threonine modification sites, and 8 tyrosine modification sites. The TACSTD2 has protein interactions with Claudin(CLDN) protein family; and participating in signaling pathway such as cell surface receptor, cell proliferation, negative regulation of epithelial cell migration, and so on. Comparing with normal human tissues, its mRNA expression is up-regulated in most tumor types such as cervical cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, uterine cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer.ConclusionAccording to the analysis of the structure and function of TACSTD2, TACSTD2 is highly-expression in multiple malignancies. It can participate in the process of proliferation, migration and adhesion of malignant tumor cells through cell surface receptor signaling pathways. This study provide reference for the further research about the function of TACSTD2.

Bioinformatic analysis of the structure and function of human TACSTD2 / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThe role of human tumor-related calcium signal transductor 2 (TACSTD2) in promoting tumorigenesis has been noticed recently. We predicted the molecular structure and biological function of TACSTD2 by bioinformatic methods, in order to provide reference for further study of TACSTD2.MethodsThe homo sapiens TACSTD2 mRNA and protein amino acid sequences were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The bioinformatic methods were used to analyze the open reading frame(ORF) of TACSTD2, physicochemical properties, signal peptide and protein localization, subcellular localization, and prediction of transmembrane structure and secondary structure, tertiary structure, potential protein modification sites, domains, protein modification sites proteins, protein interacting with TACSTD2, biological functions of TACSTD2, and expression of TACSTD2 in human normal tissues and certain tumor types.ResultsAccording to the mRNA sequence of TACSTD2, there are 12 ORFs, and the longest is ORF1, with a total of 972bp, encoding 323 amino acids. The hydrophilic amino acid of TACSTD2 is more than that of hydrophobic amino acid, indicating that TACSTD2 belongs to hydrophilic protein. TACSTD2 is a highly conserved alkaline secreted protein with a transmembrane region both inside and outside the cytoplasm. The presence of nuclear localization signal(NLS) in the amino acid sequence of TACSTD2 suggests that TACSTD2 can locate in cell nucleus. TACSTD2 mainly distribute in cytoplasmic membrane, extracellular, nucleus and cytoplasm. The secondary structure prediction results showed that the main structure of TACSTD2 was random coil, followed by a α helix. TACSTD2 has 15 serine modification sites, 17 threonine modification sites, and 8 tyrosine modification sites. The TACSTD2 has protein interactions with Claudin(CLDN) protein family; and participating in signaling pathway such as cell surface receptor, cell proliferation, negative regulation of epithelial cell migration, and so on. Comparing with normal human tissues, its mRNA expression is up-regulated in most tumor types such as cervical cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, uterine cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer.ConclusionAccording to the analysis of the structure and function of TACSTD2, TACSTD2 is highly-expression in multiple malignancies. It can participate in the process of proliferation, migration and adhesion of malignant tumor cells through cell surface receptor signaling pathways. This study provide reference for the further research about the function of TACSTD2.

Development and Application of Automatic Analysis and Surveillance Platform for Chrimerism in Donors and Recipients after Allo-HSCT / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To develop an automated chimeric analysis and reporting platform based on short tandem repeat (STR) and capillary electrophoresis methods for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) so as to improve work efficiency.@*METHODS@#Apache, MySQL, PHP and HTML5 were used to build the database and interface. The STR locus geno typing and chimeric analysis logic and flow were set up on the basis of STR rules and capillary electrophoresis. STR genotyping and 194 times of chimeric testing data of 100 patients after allo-HSCT were used to test the platform for automatic STR locus genotyping, chimeric calculation and report generation.@*RESULTS@#The established platform could realize the functions of STR locus customization, STR genotype determination, automatic chimeric analysis, and detection information database management, which can automatically generate an integrated report including multiple sequential chimeric results and trend graphs for the same patient and can be accessed and used simultaneously by different users through different browser interfaces. The results of automated analysis by the platform are completely consistent with that of manual analysis by experienced technicians, and the possibility of manual analysis error is reduced through automation. The time required for automatic analysis using this platform is approximately 1/6-1/5 of manual analysis.@*CONCLUSION@#The automatic analysis platform built in this study is operation stable and reliable in analysis results, which can improve work efficiency and report connotation, thus worthing popularized and applicable.

Bioinformation analysis of chorismate synthase in Baphicacantus cusia and other 78 species of plants / 中国中药杂志

Chorismate synthase(CS, EC:4.2.3.5) catalyses 5-enolpyruvy-shikimate-3-phosphate to form chorismate, which is the essential enzyme for chorismate biosynthesis in organisms. The amino acid sequences of CS from 79 species of higher plants were reported in GenBank at present. 125 amino acid sequences of CS from Baphicacanthus cusia and other 78 species of plants were predicted and analyzed by using various bioinformatics software, including the composition of amino acid sequences, signal peptide, leader peptide, hydrophobic/hydrophilic, transmembrane structure, coiled-coil domain, protein secondary structure, tertiary structure and functional domains. The phylogenetic tree of CS protein family was constructed and divided into eight groups by phylogenetic analysis. The homology comparison indicated that B. cusia shared a high homology with several plants such as Sesamum indicum, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum tuberosum and so on. The open reading frame(ORF) of all samples is about 1 300 bp, the molecular weight is about 50 kDa, the isoelectric point(pI) is 5.0-8.0 which illustrated that CS protein is slightly basic. The ORF of CS we cloned in B. cusia is 1 326 bp, the amino acid residues are 442, the molecular weight is 47 kDa and pI is 8.11. The CS in B.cusia showed obvious hydrophobicity area and hydrophilicity area, no signal peptide, and may exists transmembrane structure areas. The main secondary structures of CS protein are random coil and Alpha helix, also contain three main structural domains which are an active structural domain, a PLN02754 conserved domain and a FMN binding site. The acquired information in this study would provide certain scientific basis for further study on structure-activity relationship and structure modification of CS in plants in the future.

YAF2 promotes tumor cell proliferation via targeting cyclin D1 expression / 基础医学与临床

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism by which YY1 associated factor 2(YAF2) up-regulates cyclin D1 expression in tumor cells as well as the effect of YAF2-cyclin D1 regulatory loop on tumor cell prolifera-tion. Methods Overexpression and knockdown experiments combined with Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of YAF2 and cyclin D1;Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to in-vestigate the effect of YAF2 on cyclin D1 promoter activity;Flow cytometry analysis was carried out to elucidate the effect of YAF2 on cell cycle progression through targeting cyclin D1;Colony formation assay was employed to deter-mine cell proliferation under different YAF2 and cyclin D1 expression level. Results YAF2 upregulated the ex-pression of cyclin D1 at both the mRNA(P<0.05) and protein level;YAF2 activated the promoter activity of cyc-lin D1 (P<0.05);YAF2 silencing increased significantly the proportion of cells in G0/G1phase(P<0.0001) and reduced the proportion of cells in S phase by regulating cyclin D1 (P<0.002); YAF2 facilitated the cell colony formation via targeting cyclin D1(P<0.05). Conclusions In tumor cells,YAF2 promotes the expression of cyclin D1,and enhances cell cycle progression and cell proliferation.

Serum Interleukin-6 Level and the rs1800795 Polymorphism in its Gene Associated with Neuroblastoma Risk in Chinese Children / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>The pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), stimulates the metastasis of several neoplasms. An association of its serum level and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800795 with neuroblastoma (NB) has been reported in American and Italian cohorts. This study was to clarify whether the same association exists in Chinese children.</p><p><b>Methods</b>A total of 130 NB patients, with 77 boys (59%), 53 girls (41%), mean age 41 ± 5 months, were assigned to two groups: high risk (HR) versus intermediate-low risk (non-HR), and 50 healthy children were randomly selected as the age- and gender-matched controls. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed to determine serum IL-6 level using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and rs1800795 SNPs phenotype using polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing.</p><p><b>Results</b>There were 87 NB patients in the HR group and 43 NB patients in the non-HR group. A comparison of allele and genotype frequencies of the rs1800795 polymorphism between patients and controls found no association with NB risk (P > 0.05). The frequency of GG+GC genotype was higher in HR-NB patients than in non-HR-NB patients (64.4% vs. 48.8%, P = 0.02), and serum IL-6 level was much higher in HR-NB patients with GG+GC genotype than in HR-NB patients with CC genotype (4.36 ± 1.1 pg/ml vs. 1.83 ± 0.5 pg/ml; P = 0.02), but not in Non-HR-NB patients.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The polymorphism rs1800795 is associated with serum IL-6 level and level of NB risk. GG genotype might indicate that the tumor is highly malignant (prone to metastasis) and associated with poor prognosis.</p>

Ginsenoside Rk1 suppresses pro-inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the Jak2/Stat3 pathway / 中国天然药物

The saponin ginsenoside Rk1 is a major compound isolated from ginseng. Ginsenoside Rk1 has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties and to be involved in the regulation of metabolism. However, the effect and mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of ginsenoside Rk1 has not been fully clarified. We investigated whether ginsenoside Rk1 could suppress the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and to explore its mechanism of the action. RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg·mL) in the absence or the presence of Ginsenoside Rk1 (10, 20, and 40 μmol·L). Then the inflammatory factors were tested with Griess reagents, ELISA, and RT-PCR. The proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Ginsenoside Rk1 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1. Ginsenoside Rk1 inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated phosphorylation of NF-κB and janus kinase (Jak)2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 at Ser727 and Tyr705. These data suggested that ginsenoside Rk1 could inhibit expression of inflammatory mediators and suppress inflammation further by blocking activation of NF-κB and the Jak2/Stat3 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

Practice and Problem Analysis of Hierarchical Diagnosis and Treatment in China Under the Background of New Medical Reform / 中国医院管理

Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment is the top priority of health care reform,it will provide a solid institutional foundation and institutional protection for the construction of healthy China and the basic health care system.The paper summarizes the present practice of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment in China,and analyzes the existing problems,on this basis puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions as the references for the construction of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and deepening reform.

Improvement of nasal examination procedures for primary medical selection in Air Force pilots / 军事医学

Objective To optimize the nasal examination procedures for preliminary medical selection of pilot cadets,to reduce the use of medicine for nasal congestion,to simplify the workflow and to improve the efficiency.Methods In the course of recruiting pilots,all the 306 candidates in seven districts of a province were selected and randomly divided into the exercise-first group (n =166) and the spraying-first group (n =140).In the exercise-first group,the nasal cavity of the students was observed under the anterior rhinoscope at three time points:before exercise/spraying,after simple exercise,and after exercise/spraying(exercise first).In the second group,the nasal cavity was observed under the anterior rhinoscope at three time points:before exercise/spraying,after simple spraying,and after exercise/spraying(spraying first).Conclusions were drawn after nasal examination,and the percentage of clear conclusions in each group was statistically analyzed.Results In the case of simple exercise or simple nasal spraying,clear conclusions could be drawn about most of the candidates.There was no significant difference between the simple nasal spraying group and simple exercise group in the rate of clear conclusions.Conclusion During the preliminary recruitment of pilot students,the exercise method can be used to shrink the nasal cavity.For a few candidates whose conclusions cannot be drawn after exercise,nasal spray can be added to reduce congestion improve efficiency,and reduce the use of nasal congestion,thus reducing the indireet damage to candidates.During the re-check and final check,the nasal spray agent can be used to reduce the congestion and at the same time fast squatting 50 times in two minutes can be used as a the nasal cavity contraction method.

Changes in amino acid profiling in spontaneously hypertensive rats and regulatory effect of extract from Coreopsis tinctoria / 中国中药杂志

To compare the amino acid metabolic profiling in urine of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normal Wistar rats, and investigate the regulatory effect of extract from Coreopsis tinctoria on blood pressure and amino acid metabolic profiling in SHR. Right aged SHR and Wistar rats were housed to fit the new environment for 2 weeks. After that, their systolic pressure(SBP), diastolic pressure(DBP) were measured and urine was collected. Amino acids profiles for SHR and Wistar rats were acquired by using AQC precolumn derivatization HPLC-fluorescence method, and then partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) was applied to facilitate differentiation and determine metabolic differences between collected samples from two groups of rats. Consequently, 40 SHR were randomly divided into 5 groups: model group, high, middle, low dosage groups of C. tinctoria extract (3.2, 1.6,0.8 g•kg⁻¹), and captopril group (4 mg•kg⁻¹). They were treated for 4 weeks by ig administration, and then their urine samples were collected to determine the amino acid metabolic profiling in various groups. After treatment for 4 weeks, as compared with Wistar group, serine, alanine, tyrosine, and cystine in the amino acid metabolic profiling were significantly increased in SHR group. As compared with SHR model group, threonine and methionine were decreased significantly in captopril group (P<0.01); amino acid metabolism was changed to different degrees in high, middle, and low dosage groups of C. tinctoria extract, and the threonine in low dose group was significantly decreased (P<0.01); serine and threonine were decreased (P<0.05), and valine, methionine and lysine were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in middle dose group; threonine, valine, methionine and lysine were significantly decreased in large dose group (P<0.01). The results showed that middle and high doses of extract from C. tinctoria could significantly improve disturbance of amino acid metabolism, help to further clarify the drug property research of C. tinctoria, and provide data support for amino acid metabolic pathway abnormalities in hypertension patients.

Active compounds from Baoyuan decoction with myocardial protection activities and their potential targets / 中国中药杂志

Baoyuan decoction (BYD) is a classical Chinese formula for coronary heart disease with Qi deficiency, blood stasis tonifying Qi and Yang deficiency. However, the chemical material basis and underlying action mechanisms of BYD still lack systemic study. In order to clarify the active compounds and the potential action mechanisms of BYD, the oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R)-induced H9c2 cells injury models was used to screen the monomeric compounds of BYD with myocardial protection activity. PubChem's BioAssay database was then used to analyze the potential targets of active monomeric compounds, classify the predicted biological targets, and analyze the internal relation between active compounds of BYD and biological targets. The screening results showed that BYD aqueous extract and 17 monomeric compounds could significantly increase the survival rate of OGD/R-induced H9c2 myocardial cells. The results of virtual targets screening study showed that 15 monomeric compounds and the potential mechanisms for myocardial protection were related to oxidative stress pathway, calcium ion pathway, mitochondrial protection, anti-apoptosis, etc. These results verified that BYD had myocardial protection effect, which was obtained by network regulation of multi-components and multi-targets. All these results provide the theoretical basis and references for the clinical usage of BYD in treatment of coronary heart disease.

Effect of protein intervention on amino acid metabolism spectrum of Qi and Yin deficiency type 2 diabetic rats / 中国中药杂志

To study the effect of plant protein and animal protein on amino acid metabolism spectrum of Qi and Yin deficiency type 2 diabetic rats. 110 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group (n=10), diabetic model group (n=20), disease-symptoms group (n=80). The rats of blank group received ordinary feeding, while other groups were fed with high sugar and fat diets. During the whole process of feeding, rats of disease-symptoms group were given with Qingpi-Fuzi (15.75 g•kg⁻¹) once a day through oral administration. Five weeks later, the rats were given with a low dose of STZ (40 mg•kg⁻¹) by intraperitoneal injection to establish experimental diabetic models. Then the models were randomly divided into disease-symptoms group 1 (Qi and Yin deficiency diabetic group, 15.75 g•kg⁻¹), disease-symptoms group 2 (plant protein group, 0.5 g•kg⁻¹), disease-symptoms group 3 (animal protein group, 0.5 g•kg⁻¹), disease-symptoms group 4 (berberine group, 0.1 g•kg⁻¹). The drugs were given for 4 weeks by gavage administration. After 4 weeks of protein intervention, the abdominal aortic blood was collected and serum was isolated to analyze its free amino acid by using AQC pre-column derivatization HPLC and fluorescence detector. Four weeks after the protein intervention, plant protein, animal protein and berberine had no obvious effect on body weight and blood sugar in type 2 diabetic rats. As compared with animal protein group, histidine and proline（P<0.01）, serine, glycine, threonine, alanine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, bright+isoleucine, phenylalanine and lysine（P<0.05）changed a lot in rats serum of plant protein group.The results showed that gavage administration of protein would produce effects on amino acid metabolism of Qi and Yin deficiency type 2 diabetic SD rats. Symbolic differential compounds could be found through metabonomics technology, providing experimental basis for early warning of type 2 diabetes and diagnosis of Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome.

Application of smart phone on interactive teaching methods in ophthalmology / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?Smart phones as a symbol of the mobile Internet appears in college classroom, which is not only a challenge, but also a great opportunities of education information. This paper applied smart phones as the carrier of the Internet into ophthalmology classroom. Smart phones has a lot of features, such as rich teaching resources, diverse learning methods, flexible learning time, collating and recording capabilities and the timely, comprehensive and accurate teaching feedback so on, and could be used in case teaching and interactive teaching. The implementation of smart phones into ophthalmology classroom could inspire the learning enthusiasm of the students, enhance the quality of teaching, eventually improve teaching effects.

Infections during induction therapy of protocol CCLG-2008 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a single-center experience with 256 cases in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Infections remain a major cause of therapy-associated morbidity and mortality in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the medical charts of 256 children treated for ALL under the CCLG-2008 protocol in Beijing Children's Hospital.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 65 infectious complications in 50 patients during vincristine, daunorubicin, L-asparaginase and dexamethasone induction therapy, including microbiologically documented infections (n = 12; 18.5%), clinically documented infections (n = 23; 35.3%) and fever of unknown origin (n = 30; 46.2%). Neutropenia was present in 83.1% of the infectious episodes. In all, most infections occurred around the 15 th day of induction treatment (n = 28), and no patients died of infection-associated complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The infections in this study was independent of treatment response, minimal residual diseases at the end of induction therapy, gender, immunophenotype, infection at first visit, risk stratification at diagnosis, unfavorable karyotypes at diagnosis and morphologic type. The infection rate of CCLG-2008 induction therapy is low, and the outcome of patients is favorable.</p>

Optimization of experimental parameters for quantitative NMR (qNMR) and its application in quantitative analysis of traditional Chinese medicines / 药学学报

Quantitative NMR (qNMR) is a technology based on the principle of NMR. This technology does not need the references of the determined components, which supplies a solution for the problem of reference scarcity in the quantitative analysis of traditional Chinese medicines. Moreover, this technology has the advantages of easy operation, non-destructiveness for the determined sample, high accuracy and repeatability, in comparison with HPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS. NMR technology has achieved quantum leap in sensitivity and accuracy with the development of NMR hardware. In addition, the choice of appropriate experimental parameters of the pre-treatment and measurement procedure as well as the post-acquisition processing is also important for obtaining high-quality and reproducible NMR spectra. This review summarizes the principle of qHNMR, the various experimental parameters affecting the accuracy and the precision of qHNMR, such as signal to noise ratio, relaxation delay, pulse width, acquisition time, window function, phase correction and baseline correction, and their corresponding optimized methods. Moreover, the application of qHNMR in the fields of quantitation of single or multi-components of traditional Chinese medicines, the purity detection of references, and the quality analysis of foods has been discussed. In addition, the existing questions and the future application prospects of qNMR in natural product areas are also presented.

Molecular genetic abnormalities of N-myc and C-myc in pediatric neuroblastic tumors and clinical pathologic significance / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the molecular genetic abnormalities of N-myc and C-myc, and their clinical pathological implications in pediatric neuroblastic tumors (NTs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Abnormalities of N-myc were detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique in 246 cases of NTs, including neuroblastoma (NB,188 cases), ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB, 52 cases), ganglioneuroma (GN, 6 cases), and their association with the histological typing of the tumors and prognosis was analyzed. Abnormalities of C-myc were detected by FISH in 133 cases of NTs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 246 cases of NTs, N-myc amplification was only found in 27 cases (11.0%, 27/246) of NB, but not in any cases of GNB or GN (P < 0.05). 89.0% (219/246) N-myc non-amplification were found in NTs, and it included N-myc gain in 175 cases (71.1%, 175/246) and normal N-myc in 44 cases (17.9%, 44/246). Univariate analysis indicated significantly (P = 0.012) poorer outcome in patients with N-myc amplification than N-myc non-amplification. However no significant difference was observed between N-myc gain cases and normal N-myc cases (P = 0.057). C-myc gain was found in 74 of 133 cases (55.6%) of NTs; no C-myc amplification or translocation was detected. Forty percent (6/15) of cases with N-myc amplification and 57.6% (68/118) of cases with N-myc non-amplification were accompanied by C-myc gain. The difference between N-myc amplification and non-amplification with C-myc gain was not significant (P > 0.05). Univariate analysis indicated that the outcome difference was not statistically significant between C-myc gain cases and normal C-myc cases (P = 0.357).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of N-myc amplification only found in NB is low in pediatric NTs in China. Patients with N-myc amplification predict poorer outcome. No amplification or translocation of C-myc is detected in NTs, whereas C-myc gain is relatively common in NTs. There is no obvious association between N-myc amplification and C-myc gain.</p>

Study on in vitro transdermal absorption of rhubarb free anthraquinones in Dasuan Xiaohuang Pasta / 中草药

Objective: To study the in vitro transdermal absorption characteristics of the free anthraquinones of rhubarb in Dasuan Xiaohuang Pasta (DXP) and investigate the effect of various excipients (vinegar, ginger juice, and vegetable oil) and different compatibilities on rhubarb transdermal characteristics. Methods: Taking rhubarb free anthraquinones, such as aloe emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion as indexes, the studies were carried out by in vitro transdermal absorption. Results: The transdermal absorption of free anthraquinones of rhubarb with various excipients and different compatibilities were all zero-order kinetics; Using vinegar as the excipient, the 8 h accumulation permeation amount and transdermal rate of every ingredient were the largest, followed by ginger juice and vegetable oil; In the different compatibility tests, the 8 h accumulation permeation amount and transdermal rate of each ingredient in anagraph were the largest, followed by rhubarb-sodium sulfate and rhubarb-garlic, and the single rhubarb was the lowest. Conclusion: DXP using vinegar shows the best, followed by ginger juice, while vegetable oil shows the worst. Garlic and sodium sulfate show the improvement on transdermal absorption of free anthraquinones of rhubarb, and sodium sulfate shows better effect than garlic.